快速事实和其他长期护理信息
什么是长期护理？
Long-term care is different from the rest of your health care, and it’s not typically covered under health insurance policies, HMO plans, Medicare or Medicare supplemental policies. Health care plans are designed to provide coverage when you receive care from a doctor or treatment in a hospital. Some may also cover nursing home care or home care -but typically, only on a short term or limited basis.
Long-term care includes personal care, such as help with bathing, eating or dressing that you require over a lengthy period. That’s why it can be very expensive. Long-term care can range from simple assistance with activities in your own home or a residential care facility or it can mean highly skilled care in a nursing facility. The possibility of needing long-term care due to an illness or physical disability is something most people would rather not think about. But as we get older, and because we are living longer, the likelihood that we will need some kind of assistance is very real. Long-term care coverage will help you live your life with dignity and with independence.
你需要知道什么
If you require long-term care because of a chronic physical condition such as arthritis or Parkinson’s disease, who will pay for it? Should you need assistance because of a degenerative mental disease, such as Alzheimer’s, who will pay for care? The answer is probably you, unless you act to protect yourself.
Long-term care can be very expensive. Nursing home costs in California average $250 a day in 2011 (or $91,250 per year). Of those who enter nursing homes, 44.1% will have a total lifetime use of at least one year, 43.9% will stay between one and five years, and 12% will have a total lifetime use of five years or more, (U.S. DHHS/CDC The National Nursing Home Survey: 2004 Overview). This means that more than half the people who go into a nursing home will spend between $91,250 and $456,250 (in year 2011 dollars) and one person out of every ten will spend even more, perhaps much more, than that. And you shouldn’t forget that before most people enter a nursing home, they would have already struggled for years with the cost of long-term care in their own homes. The possibility of needing long-term care is something most of us would rather not think about. Yet, “Nearly 7 out of 10 people over age 65 will require long-term care at some point in their lives”, (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009) , (Paying for long-term care, either for yourself or a loved one, can mean sacrificing a lifetime of savings or losing your financial independence, unless you plan ahead.
长期护理事实：
医疗补助事实
In 1995, 35.2 million people received Medicaid benefits. 11% were elderly.
In 1995, $152.4 billion was expended for Medicaid benefits. 26.3% of the cost was for the elderly. 35.4% of the costs for the elderly were for LTC services.
Medicaid pays half of all nursing home costs and 14% of home health costs in the U.S.
Three-fourths of Medicaid LTC spending is on institutional services.
Source: “Medicaid Facts”, The Kaiser Commission on the Future of Medicaid, November, 1997.
LTC 事实
美国有超过 1200 万人需要长期护理。
需要护理的人中近一半年龄在 65 岁以下，其中包括 530 万工作年龄的成年人。
在养老院居住的130万老人中，一半年龄超过85岁，80％以上患有严重残疾（需要三项或三项以上日常生活活动的协助）。 另外有大量长期护理需求的 130 万人在社区接受护理。
资料来源：凯撒家庭基金会，2001 年 3 月医疗补助事实
长期护理保险概况
Over 5.8 million LTC insurance policies have been purchased in the U.S. through June 30, 1998. About 450,000 of these were purchased in California.
Nationwide, there is 5% market penetration rate for LTC policy sales. California’s market penetration is 7.21%.
Nationwide, over 2,100 employers offer group LTC insurance. Companies include: Nissan, Procter & Gamble, IBM, AT&T, CBS, Delta Airlines, Dow Chemical.
Two-thirds of policy purchasers have incomes of less than $35,000.
One-third of policy purchasers have assets of less than $30,000.
The most frequently cited reason for an individual purchasing long-term care insurance is to maintain independence of choice.
Source: Health Insurance Association of America, Survey, 1998
消费者事实
Seniors own 77% of the nation’s personal wealth and 40% of the discretionary income.
Older consumers prefer “good value” while younger consumers prefer “good sales”.
Older buyers rate “helpful, friendly, knowledgeable salespeople” higher than do younger buyers.
Source: Research Alert, Spring 1998
Women are disproportionately over-represented in the lower income brackets and under-represented in the higher income brackets even though women constitute 51% of the California workforce.
Of all people over the age of 65 receiving Social Security benefits in California, 6.2% of the males are also receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI – meaning they are disabled), whereas 10.3% of the females are also receiving SSI.
Of all people over the age of 65 in California, the average total personal income is $32,300 for males and $23,900 for females ($8,400 less for females).
Of all people over the age of 65 in California, 11.8% of the males are on Medi-Cal compared with 15.3% of the females.
资料来源：加州财政部，《当前人口调查报告》，2001 年 3 月
A Resident’s Rights In A Nursing Home
When you are admitted to a nursing home, you keep all your basic human and civil rights and liberties. Federal and State regulations list nursing home residents’ rights in detail, and require the Department of Health Care Services’ staff who inspect your nursing home to decide whether this home is protecting and promoting your rights.
Find additional information about your rights as a resident in a nursing home or contact the Department of Public Health’s, Licensing and Certification District Office nearest you. To get a listing of the Licensing and Certification district offices, please click here, or contact the Ombudsman Program in your county. The telephone number for the local Ombudsman Program is posted in your nursing home.